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ArcheoBiblioBase: Archives in Russia: H-200Last update of repository: 17 March 2020Gosudarstvennyi muzei istorii Sankt-Peterburga (GMI SPb)Previous names
The museum was founded in 1918 on the basis of the Museum of the City Administration (Muzei Gorodskoi upravy) and the nationalized art collections of the Anichkov Palace (Nevskii prospekt, 39) and the private residence of Duchess N.F. Karlova (nab. reki Fontanka, 46), while those palaces themselves were transferred to the museum and housed its exhibitions for the next decade. Additional collections acquired were those of Duke Georg Alexander (G.G.) Mecklenburg-Strelitskii, as well as materials from the Dresden (1911) and All-Russian (1913) Sanitation-Hygiene Exhibitions, among others. In December 1918, the museum took over the collections of the Museum of Old St. Petersburg (Muzei “Staryi Peterburg”), founded in 1907 by the Society of Architects and Artists (Obshchestvo arkhitektorov-khudozhnikov) and closed in 1917, whose first director was Alexandre Benois (A.N. Benua); that museum brought with it impressive collections of architectural and artistic graphics, including rare photographs and drawings of the architecture of early Petersburg. Under increased political and ideological pressures in the late 1920s, most of those exhibits were closed down, and many artistic treasures from the museum were given over to the All-Union Antiquarian Company (Vsesoiuznoe obshchestvo “Antikvariat”), or the so-called Export Fund, for sale abroad at auction and within the country for foreign currency. During the Soviet period the museum was reorganized and renamed a number of times. Between 1952 and 1954 the museum holdings were enlarged with materials from the Museum of the Defense of Leningrad (Muzei oborony Leningrada), which was closed down following the arrest of leading Party officials in the city in what became known as the Leningrad Affair (1949–1952). In 1953 it was reorganized as the State Museum of the History of Leningrad (GMIL)—and in 1992, of St. Petersburg (GMI SPb). In 1993, the museum was reorganized and given the status of a historico-cultural preserve. The museum is now based in the formerly separately administered Peter and Paul Fortress-State Museum-Preserve (Muzei-zapovednik “Petropavlovskaia krepost'”), which had originally been established as a museum in 1924. The museum also includes the Museum of Space Exploration and Rocket Technology (Muzei kosmonavtiki i raketnoi tekhniki, earlier separately administered Gas Dynamics Laboratory of Rocketry and Space Exploration [Gazodinamicheskaia laboratoriia raketostroeniia i kosmonavtiki]), located within the Peter and Paul Fortress compound. Founded in 1973 as the first museum of the history of Soviet rocket construction, it has many documents and photographs relating to space exploration. The exposition relating to Leningrad during Soviet rule, is housed in the former city palace of Count N.P. Rumiantsev, which had housed the Rumiantsev Museum in St. Petersburg (1831–1861), before its transfer to Moscow. The building came under the State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg in 1939. The museum complex of GMI SPb has eight branches and objects (http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...): (1) The Peter-Paul Fortress (Petropavlovskaia krepost') (St. Petersburg, Petropavlovskaia krepost', 3; website: http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...). (2) The “Rumiantsev Privite Residence” (Osobniak Rumiantseva) (St. Petersburg, Angliiskaia nab., 44; tel. +7 812 571-75-44; webpages: http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...; http://www.museum.ru/M160). (3) The Museum of Printing (Muzei pechati) was established in 1984 and functioned until October 1991 as the Memorial Museum of V.I. Lenin and the Newspaper Pravda (Memorial'nyi muzei “V.I. Lenin i gazeta ‘Pravda’”). The newspaper Pravda had been printed in the building starting in March 1917, but currently new exhibitions are being organized there on the basis of GMI SPb materials. (191187, St. Petersburg, nab. Reki Moiki, 32/2; tel. +7 812 571-02-70; +7 812 312-09-77, +7 812 312-78-32; webpages: http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...; http://www.museum.ru/M133). (4) The A.A. Blok Apartment-Museum (Muzei-kvartira A.A. Bloka) was opened in 1980 and was enriched with the archival materials of the A.A. Blok Fond, which were acquired in 1978 from N.P. Il'in (190121, St. Petersburg, ul. Dekabristov, 57, kv. 21, 23; tel. +7 812 713-86-31, +7 812 713-86-27; website: http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...; http://www.museum.ru/M138). (5) The S.M. Kirov Museum (Muzei S.M. Kirova) was founded in 1938 as an independent museum, but more recently became a branch of GMI SPb. The museum is housed in the building where Sergei Mironovich Kirov (pseud. of Kostrikov, 1886–1934) lived from 1926–1934, as head of the Leningrad Oblast Party Committee. The Kikov Fond include his library, part of his papers (letters, memoirs, and other documents), and photographs of and relating to Kirov (http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...; http://www.spbmuseum.ru/funds/233/). (197101, St. Petersburg, Kamennoostrovskii prosp., 26/28; tel. +7 812 346-02-17, +7 812 346-02-89 [also fax]; e-mail: [email protected]; webpages: http://www.kirovmuseum.ru/; http://www.museum.ru/M141). (6) The Monument to the Heroic Defenders of Leningrad (Monument geroicheskim zashchitnikam Leningrada), inaugurated in 1975. (196141, St. Petersburg, pl. Pobedy; tel. +7 812 371-29-51, +7 812 373-65-63; webpages: http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...; http://www.museum.ru/M130). (7) The Museum of Petersburg Avantgarde (Matiushin House) (Muzei Peterburgskogo avangarda [Dom Matiushina]), was opened in 2006. (St. Petersburg, ul. Prof. Popova, 10; tel. +7 812 347-68-98; webpages: http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...; http://www.museum.ru/M3094). (8) The Shlissel'burg (Shlüsselburg in German) Fortress (Shlissel'burgskaia krepost'), on Lake Ladoga at the mouth of the Neva River, also known as the Little Nut (Oreshek, the original pre-1611 name of the town; known in Swedish as Nöteborg before 1711]), awell-known prison for political offenders before 1917, was established as a museum in 1928. (The town with its fortress was known as Petrokrepost' after 1944). Initially a branch of the Museum of the October Revolution in Leningrad (Muzei Oktiabr'skoi revoliutsii v Leningrade—see H–201), in 1965 it was made a branch of the State Museum of the History of Leningrad (GMIL). In 1993 it was reorganized as one of the permanent exhibitions of GMI SPb. The archival documentation relating to the fortress, however, remains as a separate division at the main administrative headquarters of GMI SPb—the Scientific-Technical Archive of Schlissel'burg Fortress. (187320, Leningrad oblast, Kirov raion, Shlissel'burg, fortress “Oreshek” [Nut]; tel. +7 812 230-64-31, +7 921 951-91-32, +7 813-62 74-104; webpages: http://www.spbmuseum.ru/themuseum/mus...; http://www.museum.ru/M255). The Museum of the History of the Town of Pushkin (Tsarskoe Selo) (Muzei istorii goroda Pushkina), earlier a branch of GMI SPb, became a separate museum in the summer of 1996, and was renamedthe Regional Studies Museum of the Town of Pushkin (196600, St. Petersburg, g. Pushkin, ul. Leont'evskaia, 28; tel. +7 812 466-55-10). The Museum of the History of the Town of Lomonosov (Muzei istorii goroda Lomonosova), also earlier a branch of GMI SPb, has been a separate museum since 1994 (189510, St. Petersburg, Lomonosov, ul. Eleninskaia, 25; tel./fax +7 812 422-39-47; website: http://www.museum.ru/M192). The Isaac Cathedral Museum (Gosudarstvennyi muzei-pamiatnik “Isaakievskii sobor,” GMIS) was also a branch from 1963 to 1969, but since 1969 it has been under separate administration (190000, St. Petersburg, Isaakievskaia pl., 4; tel. +7 812 314-40-96 [also fax], +7 812 314-21-68, +7 812 315-97-32; e-mail: [email protected]; website: http://www.cathedral.ru/; http://www.museum.ru/M116). Archival materials are held in a number of different divisions and separate “fonds” within the museum. In 1918 the Scientific Archive and the Fondof Graphic Art and Painting on the History of the City were formed, and in 1932 the Fond of Negatives. In recent decades several independent fonds were created comprising other parts of the holdings: the Manuscript-Documentary Fond (Rukopisno-dokumental'nyi fond) (1976)and the Fond of Printed Graphic Art (Fond tirazhirovannoi grafiki) (1981). The Fond of Painting and Graphic Art of Cities of Russia and the World (Fond zhivopisi i grafiki gorodov mira i Rossii) was organized in 1979, but in 1994, the Fond of Architectural Graphics and Cartography of Cities of Russia and the World (Fond arkhitekturnoi grafiki i kartografii gorodov mira i Rossii) was separated out to become a new division, in addition to the already existing Fond of Architectural Graphics of the Soviet Period (Fond arkhitekturnoi grafiki sovetskogo perioda). Separate “fonds” or subdivisions within the museum also remain for photographs and negatives, and for the administrative records of the museum itself, which now comprises the Scientific Archive. |
